Apparatus for burning liquid fuel in the presence of gas under pressure



Nov. 2, 1948.

D.v c. BREAULT 2,452,543

APPARATUS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL IN THE PRESENCE OF GAS UNDER PRESSURE Fleo Jan. 15. 1944 NVENTOR. C. .Braauz Patented New., l

TENT

APPARATUS FR MUR@ d Claims..

This application refers to apparatus for the extremely economical burning of liquid fuel by complete atomization of the fuel which is burned Ain colloidal form.

Objects of the invention include the provision of means for directing a blast oi air substantially angular-ly and opposite to an oncoming stream oi liquid fuel in a closed chamber so that the air and fuel impinge with force and form an air-borne fuel fog in which the fuel is iinely divided to a degree never before obtained. As is well known, the more nely divided the liquid fuel, the less the carbon resicluum and by test, this apparatus produces a carbonless name.

Further objects of the invention include the provision of means for the introduction of atmospheric air into the region of the flame, said means being easily adjustable to vary the volume o air so admitted.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter,

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. l is a longitudinal cross-section of the inventior. with parts omitted for illustrative purE poses;

Fig. 2 is a reduced elevational view of a iorm of the invention; and

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a modicatlon as for refrigeration purposes.

The present invention is a continuation in part or" my co-pending application Serial No. 494,484, iiled July i3, 1943, and the present case is directed to improvements and variations not shown in the pending application referred to but embodies somewhat similar meansor creating a mixture ci oil and air hnely divided in the form oi a tog. It is to be understood that the burners are equally applicable to industries and domestic heating, to metal melting, etc. and to regrigeration.

As shown in Fig. l the present burner comprises an elongated hollow cylinder l@ having adjacent one end a valve seat l2 to accommodate a valve rod ll having a pointed end for cooperation with the valve seat. A part of the interior of the element l@ is threaded for nterengagement with enlarged threads i6 on the valve rod, whereby the same may be longitudinally adjusted to vary the flow of oil by means of a. handle lll. Element El@ is externally threaded for apart of its length to receive a block 2t which may be threaded thereon or-otherwise secured thereto and in which is provided a passage 22 for reception of an inlet oil pipe 2d. Block 2d is also provided with an air passage 2t to receive air under pressure. The oil passage 22 communicates with a passage 28 in a wall of element i0 and by this means oil is admitted to the interior of element ld which forms an oil chamber 3B in which the g valve rod it ls centrally located.

The forward end of element i is threaded to receive a hollow cap 32. Element l0 is provided with an annular cut-away portion 36 which, in cooperation with the interior of cap 32, provides an air passage for a purpose to be described. A plurality of further air passages 35 are provided extending from the passage 3ft angularly and reversely therefrom toward the interior of element l@ just ln iront of the valve seat l 2. The extreme forward end of element l@ is made in the form of a funnel and is so designed in conjuction with cap 32 as to seal the interior of the funnel from the air passages just described. Cap 32 is provided with an extending boss or projection 38 having a passage axially aligned with the device and communicating with the funnel referred to. The

outer end of that; projection 38 is threaded for the purpose of receiving a nut d@ which secures a second cap l2 to and over the cap 32 as clearly shown. Cap il@ is provided with angular passages dll which may communicate with similar passages d@ in cap 32. However, the cap d2 is not lixed to cap di and may rotate, thus varying the areas oithe passages it in cap. 32. By this means passages it may be varied inv area or completely closed but the passage in the projection 3B is always open.

A cylinder d8 is secured to a flange 5d on the block 2t in spaced relation to element l@ and forms an air chamber therewith, and cylinder 138 secures a flange on cap 32 provided for the purpose to close this chamber. Air passages 52 provide communication between this air chamber and air passage td.

It will be seen that the oil flows into the oil chamber il@ through pipe 2d and is admitted at valve seat il to ii-ow into the funnel in the element ld, this funnel together with cap 32 forming an oil fog chamber. The air is conducted through passages 2`into the annular passage 3d and then into the inclined passages 3G. As the air emerges from passages 36 it impinges head-on with the oil and atomizes the same forming an air-borne oil fog substantially in colloidal form. The oil and air pressures will force this fog outwardly through the axial passage in the projection 38 and also through passages 46 and it depending on the rotative position of cap t2.

A cylindrical shell 5t is arranged to substanpassage 2t into the air chamber passing through tialLv enclose the nozzle as above described, and this shell is provided with various airpassages 56 to direct atmospheric air to the region of the dame. There is provided a coiled pipe in the form of a cone having its small end surrounding shell 54 as shown at 58. This pipe is secured in iixed position to the nozzle in any desired manner and its coils 60 extend out beyond the forward end of the nozzle and gradually enlarge in diameter. The outermost coil 62 is secured to a bracket 64, which in turn is fixed to a ring or other support 66, the latter'being mounted in a groove in a ring or other desired support 68. The coils 58, 60 and 62 form an additional means for admitting atmospheric air into the region of the ame and by circulating the in-coming air in the coil the same will bepreheated, thus heating the oil in chamber 30 and improving the combustion by reason of the added heat. Either the small or large end of the coil may be connected to the air intake 26 for this purpose `and the atmospheric air will enter the region of the ame'by flowing in betweenl the coils. If it is so desired, the coils may be adjusted so as toA admit either more or less atmospheric air merely by stretching the entire air heating pipe ,and this may be done by any convenientmeans or as illustrated herein the rings 68 may be turned upon threads 10. Since the small vend of the coil is xedand the large end is connectedto ring 68 the largest coil 62 can be moved to or away from the nozzle. The ring 68 may be rotated manually or by means of a shaft 12 which may engage handle I8 and which is provided with a gear 14 which may extend through a small aperture in a wall of cylinder 48 to engage an internal rack at 16 on the shell 54, by which means the latter may be rotated, thus moving ring 68 axially thereof. Any other means may be used for stretching the coil, but in the present case the valve rod i4 being coupled therewith the coil will be stretched to admit more atmospheric air the greater the degree of opening. of the'valve.

Also it may be desired to actuate cap 42 to vary the size of the oil fog passages 46, and in this case it is merely necessary to connect shell 54 with cap 42 as by a pin or other means 18, and if this construction is used; the coil supplying atmospheric aid and the oil fog passages will all be simultaneously adjusted.` However, it is pointed out that the present invention does not depend upon this combination of parts but is equally successful if the coils 58, vlill, 62 are manually adjusted, and also if the cap 42 is likewise manually adjusted. l

In the event that the 'present invention is designed for use for refrigeration another coil is added as shown in Fig. 3 wherein the added coil 80 is used to carry the refrigerant. Otherwise, however, the construction may be the same, but in some cases the entire coil may be used for the refrigerant, with no preheating.

The above described invention presents an extremely economical-apparatus forburning liquid conditions are obtained for the various ranges o! oil, there being no carbon formed and an extremely small amount of oxygen and gases of combustion present. The passage in the proliection 38 may be used as a pilot when passages 46 are shut off, and in actual operation the flame caused by the oil fog issuing from this passage will prevent the formation of a vacuum in the center of the llame area.

Having thus described my invention and the advantages thereof, I do not wish to be limited to the details herein disclosed, otherwise than as set forth in the claims, but what I claim is:

1. Liquid fuel burner comprising a nozzle for projecting fuel in a predetermined direction for burning, a pipe for leading the fuel into the nozzle, said pipe beingcoiled coaxiallv of and in advance of the nozzle to preheat the fuel, and means to vary the spacing of the turns of the coiled pipe to vary the amount of air induced through the coil by the fuel projected from the nozzle.

2. Burner of claim 1 wherein thecoil is conical in shape with the largest turn spaced from the nozzle and the smallest turn coiled about the nozzle.

3.Burner of claim 1 including a fuel valve, means to adjust the valve, and means connected thereto to simultaneously operate the coil spacing means.

4.` Apparatus of claim 1 wherein one end of the coil is fixed relative to the nozzle and the other end is movable to vary the distances between turns of the coil.

DELPHIS C. BREAULT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PAmNTS Number Name Date 403,963 Shallow May 28, 1889 474,344 Ramsay May 3, 1892 508,369 Claybourne Nov. 9, 1893 561,934 Bryce et al. June 9, 1896 586,201 Oncken July 13, 1897 822,491 Tonkin June 5, 1906 940,813 Koch Nov. 23, 1909 1,086,713 Irish Feb. 10, 1914 1,092,212 Hauck Apr. 7, 1914 1,177,028 Fischer Mar. 28, 1916 1,238,089 Bellon Aug. 28, 1917 1,289,812 KinneyA Dec. 31, 1918 1,355,443 Auger Oct. 12, 1920 1,391,416 Schwartz Sept. 20, 1921 1,403,954 Herpin Jan. 17, 1922 1,433,434 Trimborn et al. Oct. 24, 1922 1,454,975 Martindell May 15, 1923 1,701,249 Wallstrom Feb. 5, 1929 1,785,803 Adams Dec. 23, 1930 2,053,827 Hallstrom Sept. 8, 1936 2,211,059 Haas Aug. 13, 1940 2,254,123 Soaper Aug. 26, 1941 

